Concrete construction.



J. E. GONZELMAN.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9, 1909.

962$? Patented June 21,1910.

' 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

J. E. GONZELMAN.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED .TAN.9, 1909.

Patented June 21, 1910.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

UNITED, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN E. CONZELMAN, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO UNIT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

Specification of Letters latent.

Patented June 21, 1910.

Application filed January 9, 1909. Serial No. 471,431.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN E. CONZELMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Construction, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

Other inventors have endeavored to obviate the inconvenience and expense involved in making-large bodies of concrete, as, for instance, walls and floors, by producing slabs called slabs of concrete which are afterward joined together to form the larger areas; The strength of such concrete slabs being greater than that of bricks, ordinary building stone, or the like, and said slabs being usually of much larger dimensions than bricks, building stone, or the like, the advantage of such concrete formation has been recognized and is now well understood. While, for convenience, facility, and cheapness, it is highly desirable to utilize such concrete slabs as hereinabove mentioned, yet, in departing from the older form of concrete formation in which, for instance, an entire floor or a Whole all would be a unitary mass, the disadvantage occurs of producing a non-integral structure.

The object of the present invention is not only to retain the advantages derived from the use of concrete slabs, but, also, to conjoin those advantages with those of having a unitary structure.

Otherwise stated, this invention contemplates the formation of an integral structure from concrete slabs.

In the drawings forming part of this specification in which like numbers of reference denote like parts wherever they occur, Figure 1 is a top plan View showing a plurality of columns and a plurality of slabs, said slabs being joined together and supported by said columns; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 22, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a single slab; Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the same; Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing one mode of joining slabs to concrete beams, and Figs. 6 and 7, show other modifications illustrative of my invention, whereby the slabs are joined to the concrete beams.

Each slab 1 is molded with any desired configuration. In F i s. 1 to 1, notches 2 are shown indenting t 1e edges of said slabs. The corners 3 of each slab ma rest on a.

' shoulder 4 of the cap 5 of a co umn 6 and against the stud 7 of such column. When the next slab 1 is similarly placed upon said column, a space 8 is left between the two slabs supported by said column. A socalled form (not shown in the drawings) is placed underneath opening 8 between the adjoining edges of said two slabs 1, and

grout, or similar cement mixture or wet concrete, is poured upon said form and into said space 8 and, also, into the notches 2 in the edges of the slabs 1. The concrete or other mixture in space 8 is leveled off flush with the surface of slabs 1, and, when it sets, forms beam 9, the ends of which rest upon shoulder 4 of column 6 between the slabs l integrally united thereby, said beam 9 and said two slabs 1, when united thereby, thus constituting a monolithic structure. When the concrete is poured into space 8 to form beam 9, it is, also, poured or falls into the notches 2 in slabs 1 opening into said space 8, which, when set, form projections 10. The union between slabs 1 is thus strengthened, since both rest upon the same column and are united by a concrete beam which has set integrally with both, and from which, in addition, integral projections extend, which not only fit into notches in said slabs, but have, also, set in said notches. As an additional strengthening means, bars 11 may be laid in notches 2 and extending across space 8 prior to the pouring of the wet concrete thereinto to form the beam 9. Bars 11 preferably lie near the surface of slabs 1 and beams 9, because at that'point the monolithic floor is supported by the columns, and the greatest stress is near the top surface. On the other hand, bars 12 are preferably embedded near the bottom each slab 1, said flange bein the particular part of slab 1 that rests on s oulder 4:. An offset 14 projects out from the exterior face of said flange, in order that the concrete poured into the space 8 toform beam 9 may grip same, and, when set, bind the parts more stron ly together.

While Fig. 1 shows the middle slab 1 joined on .onl two of its edges to other slabs, yet it Wlll be understood that the intention is that it shall be similarly joined on its four edges if it occupies a position in the middle of a floor or wall, and that if, forinstance, one of its edges is ad'acent a wall or floor extending perpen icularly thereto, said edge, while it can not be united to another slab extending in the same plane, will be united to a beam or, with slight changes, to a slab extending perpendicularly thereto. I

A very important consideration in forming a monolithic structure of concrete slabs is that of strongly, conveniently, and cheaply uniting the various other parts of the structure to the columns. Figs. 5, 6 and 7 illus trate different means for accomplishing this object.

In Figs. 5, 6, and 7, beams, each having a different shape in cross-sectional con uration, are shown, the one illustrated in 1 ig. 5 being of substantially the same shape as those shown in Fig. 2, but on an enlar ed scale, said beam having a shoulder 45 WhlCll abuts a ainst offset 14 on slabs 1. Reinforcing ars 46 .are embedded in the lower part of said beam, and, adjacent the end thereof, turn into upright parts 47 whlch comiect with longitudinal parts running near the upper part of said beam, said 1ongitudinal parts being indicated, but not shown, in the drawings.

In Fig. 6 the ofl'sets 14\ and shoulders 45 are dis ensed with, and in lieu thereof the side 0 each slab 1 is dished to form the angular cups 48, while the beam is provided with the angular projections 49 to engage same and rest therein, being, furthermore, tied to slabs 1 by bars 50.

In Fig. 7, the flanges 51 on the bottom of beam 52 engage with the bottom of flanges 13 on slabs 1, and the sides of said slabs are so shaped as to provide a passage 53, tapering upward between said slabs 1. i

It is to be understood that each form of beam is molded in a space either'between the ends of two adjoining slabs or between the sides of two adjoining slabs and by filling such space with plastic concrete in the same manner as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2.

It is to be observed that the monolithic, unitary concrete structure herein described is suitable for use not only in buildings and.

not only in the floors, ceilings, walls, and other parts thereof, but, also, in the construction of bridges and all other construc. tion in whichitmay be desirable to use same. y

In some constructions, it may be necessary to raise slabs 1 from the ground, as, for

instance, to the upper stories of buildin and, for ,convenience in so doin eye ets 54, having screw shanks 55 embed ed' m-the concrete of such slabs, are rovided. When desired, internally-threade sockets 55 may be first embedded in the concrete of the slabs, and the screw-shanks 55 of eyelets 54 may be screwed into same at the place where the building is being erected, or elsewhere.

It is to be understood that the slabs herein referred to may be made at any desired place, but preferably away from the location where the building in which they are used is being constructed.

One great advantage arising from the manner of constructing the building herein described resides in the fact that the slabs when placed on the columns form molds in which, with the tem orary assistance of a board underlying eac space between slabs, the beams areformed. The columns and beams form the frame-work of the building and constitute its structural elements. The slabs in situ form molds for one of said structural elements, namely, the beams, and in such manner as to unite said structural element firmly to the columns as well as to the slabs, thus producing a monolithic buildmg.

The columns referred to herein may be either all-concrete columns, or they may be metal columns, or they may be reinforced concrete columns, as shown in Fig. 2; or they may be columns in which an ordinary metal column is surrounded by concrete, and they may, also, be of any size or shape. Furthermore, although a distinction in the foregoing description has been made between'the beams 9 and flanges 13, it will be observed that when the plastic material of the beam 9 sets it is so united to flanges 13 as really to form a beam of which said flanges 13 form a part. Accordingly, the shoulder 4 on a column 6 may be made wide enough to support a beam of such enlarged width, instead of merely exceeding beam 9 in width. s

It is to be understood that the reinforcing bars 12 may be located ateither the u per or lower parts of the constructions in whlch they occur, and that they maybe either straight, as shown in some figures, or bent, as shown in others, and that same may be introdu'ced into slabs, beams, and columns, as desired. The object of bending reinforcing bars 12 inthe manner shown in Fig. 4 is to provide against shear and reverse movements and in order that such reinforcement may hold its position better with relation to the concrete body in which it is embedded.

. Flange 13 on slabs 1 is useful not only as providing a part of the mold for the beam 9 and also after setting of beam 9 as constitutin part of the beam, but is also of utility in sti ening the slab.

face for same.

'structions slabs 1 may be joined at their It may be desirable in some constructions to omit the stud 7, so as to allow for a continuous beam, or for a greater bearing sur- Moreover, in various concorners by concrete into a unitary whole.

, Having thus described my said invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters-Patent is:

r n s 1. A concrete structure, comprlslng, in

combination, a plurality of columns, rectangular slabs supported .attheir corners upon said columns and arranged to have intervening spaces between adjacent slabs, and continuous beams molded centrally of said columns and between said slabs to form a bond between adjacent slabs and between slabs and columns. 2. A concrete structure, comprlslng, 1n

combination, a plurality of columns, rectangular slabs supported at their corners to radlate from said columns and having spaces between adjacent slabs, "and intersecting beams formed in said spaces to cross centrally of said columns and unlte said slabs. 3. A concrete structure, comprising, 1n

combination, a plurality of columns, rectangular slabs supported at their corners to radiate from said columns and having Witnesses:

over said columns, whereby said beams become a part of and support said slabs.

5. A concrete structure, comprising, in combination, a plurality of columns, slabs supported by said columns, and having undercut edges and recesses extending inwardly along their longitudinal sides, and beams formed between said undercut edges and projecting into said recesses and extending over said columns, whereby said beams form a part of and support said slabs:

6. A concrete structure, comprising, in combination, a plurality of columns, a plurality of slabs supported by said columns, and having recesses extending inwardly along thir'horizontal edges, beams formed between said slabs and interlocking with said recesses, a'ndextending centrally over said columns, whereby said beams become a part of and support said slabs, and anchors v extending transversely of said beams and into the recesses in opposing slabs.

7 A concrete structure, comprising, in combination, a plurality of columns, slabs supported by said columns, and having undercut edges and recesses extending inwardly along their longitudinal sides, beams formed between said undercut edges and projecting into said recesses and extending over said columns, Whereby Said beams form a part of and support said slabs, and

anchors extending. transversely of said I beams and into the recesses in opposing slabs.

In testimony whereof I have aflixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN E. CONZELMAN.

GLADYS WALTON, EDNA J. GooKEL. 

